richard hakluyt reasons for colonization

Bod. IV of, This page was last edited on 30 March 2023, at 03:18. The manuscript, lost for almost 300 years, was published for the first time in 1877. Hakluyt also saw a future for England in the creation of rich towns, and believed that travel across the ocean would come easily with speedy communication between England and her colonies. Missionaries, most of whom were members of the Franciscan religious order, provided Spain with an advance guard in North America. In the dedication of the second volume (1599) to his patron, Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, Hakluyt strongly urged the minister as to the expediency of colonising Virginia. He held this position until his death, and resided in Wetheringsett through the 1590s and frequently thereafter. PDF English Reasons for Colonization1 Additional reasons for colonization He took his Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) Catholicism had always justified Spanish conquest, and colonization always carried religious imperatives. Author and geographer Richard Hakluyt decided to write about the Americas as encouragement for others to learn about them. In 1612 Hakluyt became a charter member of the North-west Passage Company. English author, editor and translator (15531616), It has been suggested that the Hakluyts were originally, "Richard Hakluyt", 13 in pt. [14] A number of his manuscripts, sufficient to form a fourth volume of his collections of 15981600, fell into the hands of Samuel Purchas, who inserted them in an abridged form in his Pilgrimes (16251626). In Hakluyt's argument for colonization, religious considerations are entwined with political and economic ones. He presented his Discourse of Western Planting to Queen Elizabeth I in manuscript, but it was not actually printed until almost three hundred years later. Richard Hakluyt (/hklt, hklt, hklwt/;[1] 1553 23 November 1616) was an English writer. Hakluyt's Promise: An Elizabethan's Obsession for an English - JSTOR Hakluyt justifies the latter by claiming that colonization will limit the spread and expansion of the Spanish territory and subsequently jeopardize the interests of England. He is known for promoting the English colonization of North America through his works, notably Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America (1582) and The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation (1589-1600). . In Paris, Hakluyt also edited an edition of the De Orbe Novo of Pietro Martire dAnghiera so that his countrymen might have knowledge of the early successes and failures of the Spaniards in the New World. This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Coote, Charles Henry; Beazley, Charles Raymond (1911). This can be interpreted to mean understanding the weaknesses and strengths of the colonized. This implies that they are used to advance the ideals of the English population. B. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." According to Hakluyt, colonization will enable England to expand its markets to the New World. Though Hakluyt neglected to mention its origin, the . [20], Hakluyt was married twice, once in or about 1594[5] and again in 1604. A Briefe declaration of the chief Islands in the Bay of Mexico being under the king of Spain, with their havens and forts, and what commodities they yeide. That by these Colonies the Northwest passage to Cathay and China may easily quickly and perfectly be searched out as well by river and overland, as by sea, for proof whereof here are quoted and alleged diverse rare Testimonies out of the three volumes of voyages gathered by Ramusius and other grave authors. The Names of the rich Towns lying along the sea coast on the north side from the equinoctial of the mainland of America under the kinge of Spaine. The possibility of the enlarging of the dominions of the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, and consequently of her honour, revenues, and of her power by this enterprise. That all other English trades are grown beggerly or dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain his Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their Bibles and prayer Books into the sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion and conscience and consequently their obedience to her Majestie. A note of some things to be prepared for the voyage which is set down rather to draw the takers of the voyage in hande to the present consideration then for any other reason for that diverse things require preparation long before the voyage, without which the voyage is maimed. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. That this western voyage will yield unto us all the commodities of Europe, Africa, and Asia, as far as we were wont to travel, and supply the wants of all our decayed trades. Richard Hakluyt was the cousin and ward of another famous Richard Hakluyt, an attorney and early promoter of exploration, a person historians usually describe as "the elder." Mancall refers to him as "the lawyer." With the careful encourage-ment of the lawyer, Mancall's Hakluyt, conventionally known by historians Records also show that a Thomas Hakeluytt was in the wardship of Henry VIII (reigned 15091547) and Edward VI (reigned 15471553). Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The two would later co-operate to convince the English crown to invest in overseas ventures. [10] These religious occupations have occasioned reconsideration of the role played by spiritual concerns in Hakluyt's writings on exploration, settlement, and England's relations with its Catholic rivals. Though Hakluyt neglected to mention its origin, the . From an early age, he was fascinated by geography and the prospect of the colonization of America. In his publications, Hakluyt mentioned such reasons for the English colonization of America as: Richard Hakluyt (1552?1616) was an English geographer and minister. IvyPanda. Learn More. and M.A. Westminster School named a house after him as recognition of achievement of an Old Westminster. Richard Hakluyt. Richard Hakluyt (1552-1616) No account of Elizabethan exploration is complete without mentioning Hakluyt. In accordance with the instructions of Secretary Francis Walsingham, he occupied himself chiefly in collecting information of the Spanish and French movements, and "making diligent inquirie of such things as might yield any light unto our westerne discoveries in America. . DuBois on Black Progress (1895, 1903), Jane Addams, The Subjective Necessity for Social Settlements (1892), Eugene Debs, How I Became a Socialist (April, 1902), Walter Rauschenbusch, Christianity and the Social Crisis (1907), Alice Stone Blackwell, Answering Objections to Womens Suffrage (1917), Theodore Roosevelt on The New Nationalism (1910), Woodrow Wilson Requests War (April 2, 1917), Emma Goldman on Patriotism (July 9, 1917), W.E.B DuBois, Returning Soldiers (May, 1919), Lutiant Van Wert describes the 1918 Flu Pandemic (1918), Manuel Quezon calls for Filipino Independence (1919), Warren G. Harding and the Return to Normalcy (1920), Crystal Eastman, Now We Can Begin (1920), Marcus Garvey, Explanation of the Objects of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (1921), Hiram Evans on the The Klans Fight for Americanism (1926), Herbert Hoover, Principles and Ideals of the United States Government (1928), Ellen Welles Page, A Flappers Appeal to Parents (1922), Huey P. Long, Every Man a King and Share our Wealth (1934), Franklin Roosevelts Re-Nomination Acceptance Speech (1936), Second Inaugural Address of Franklin D. Roosevelt (1937), Lester Hunter, Id Rather Not Be on Relief (1938), Bertha McCall on Americas Moving People (1940), Dorothy West, Amateur Night in Harlem (1938), Charles A. Lindbergh, America First (1941), A Phillip Randolph and Franklin Roosevelt on Racial Discrimination in the Defense Industry (1941), Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga on Japanese Internment (1942/1994), Harry Truman Announcing the Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima (1945), Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945), Dwight D. Eisenhower, Atoms for Peace (1953), Senator Margaret Chase Smiths Declaration of Conscience (1950), Lillian Hellman Refuses to Name Names (1952), Paul Robesons Appearance Before the House Un-American Activities Committee (1956), Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), Richard Nixon on the American Standard of Living (1959), John F. Kennedy on the Separation of Church and State (1960), Congressman Arthur L. Miller Gives the Putrid Facts About Homosexuality (1950), Rosa Parks on Life in Montgomery, Alabama (1956-1958), Barry Goldwater, Republican Nomination Acceptance Speech (1964), Lyndon Johnson on Voting Rights and the American Promise (1965), Lyndon Johnson, Howard University Commencement Address (1965), National Organization for Women, Statement of Purpose (1966), George M. Garcia, Vietnam Veteran, Oral Interview (1969/2012), Fannie Lou Hamer: Testimony at the Democratic National Convention 1964, Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (1968), Statement by John Kerry of Vietnam Veterans Against the War (1971), Barbara Jordan, 1976 Democratic National Convention Keynote Address (1976), Jimmy Carter, Crisis of Confidence (1979), Gloria Steinem on Equal Rights for Women (1970), First Inaugural Address of Ronald Reagan (1981), Jerry Falwell on the Homosexual Revolution (1981), Statements from The Parents Music Resource Center (1985), Phyllis Schlafly on Womens Responsibility for Sexual Harassment (1981), Jesse Jackson on the Rainbow Coalition (1984), Bill Clinton on Free Trade and Financial Deregulation (1993-2000), The 9/11 Commission Report, Reflecting On A Generational Challenge (2004), George W. Bush on the Post-9/11 World (2002), Pedro Lopez on His Mothers Deportation (2008/2015), Chelsea Manning Petitions for a Pardon (2013), Emily Doe (Chanel Miller), Victim Impact Statement (2015). His utilitarian attitude and indifference against the Spanish population clearly depicts the rivalry and points out how England would gain a lot from their defeat. He was the chief promoter of a petition to James I for letters patent to colonize Virginia, which were granted to the London Company and Plymouth Company (referred to collectively as the Virginia Company) in 1606. IV ("The Literature of the Sea") of vol. It has been asserted that the income of the East India Company was increased by 20,000 through a study of Hakluyts Voyages. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Hakluyt's first publication[13] was one that he wrote himself, Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America and the Ilands Adjacent unto the Same, Made First of all by our Englishmen and Afterwards by the Frenchmen and Britons (1582). While at one point he petitioned for and received a grant to travel to America he did not, in the end, leave England. That this voyage will be a great bridle to the Indies of the king of Spaine and a means that we may arrest at our pleasure for the space of time weeks or three months every year, one or two hundred sail of his subjects shipped at the fishing in Newfoundland. Indigenous people are also portrayed as laborers who are supposed to produce goods and act as fighters against enemies of England. Hakluyt's Promise - Google Books Hakluyt's great collection has been called "the Prose Epic of the modern English nation" by historian James Anthony Froude. Secondly, he was a persistent and able propagator of colonization and, through his numerous works, inspired many early English explorers. It was at Hakluyt's suggestion that Robert Parke translated Juan Gonzlez de Mendoza's The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof (15881590),[30] John Pory made his version of Leo Africanus's A Geographical Historie of Africa (1600),[31] and P. Erondelle translated Marc Lescarbot's Nova Francia (1609). in history, and a doctoral degree in interdisciplinary studies with a focus on early modern Scotland. The increase of the force of the Christians. A particular discourse concerning the great necessity and manifold commodities that are like to grow to this Realm of England by the Western discoveries lately attempted, Written In the year 1584 by Richard Hakluyt of Oxford at the request and direction of the right worshipful Mr. Walter Raleigh now Knight, before the coming home of his Two Barks: and is divided into xxi chapters, the Titles whereof follow in the next leaf. The process transformed the diets, economies, and cultures of both continents. A particular discourse concerning the great necessity and manifold commodities that are like to grow to this Realm of England by the Western discoveries lately attempted, Written In the year 1584 by Richard Hakluyt of Oxford at the request and direction of the right worshipful Mr. Walter Raleigh now Knight, before the coming home of his Two Barks: and is divided into xxi chapters, the Titles whereof follow in the next leaf. He became acquainted with the most important sea captains and merchants of England and . Its overriding purpose was to stimulate, guide, and encourage an undertaking of incalculable national import. Urging their countrymen to join in the race for the colonization of the New World were two men, an uncle and his nephew, each named Richard Hakluyt. We will write a custom Essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View specifically for you. He also became a minister in the Church of England. by, Hakluyt's dedication to Sir Francis Walsingham of the work, There does not appear to be any monument to Hakluyt either in, The Galileo Project errs in identifying Hakluyt's first publication as, At Hakluyt's recommendation, the work was translated into English by, According to Jones's introduction to Hakluyt's, David Harris Sacks, "Richard Hakluyt's Navigations in Time: History, Epic, and Empire,", The exact date of the translation is unknown; all that can be said is that it must have been prepared between the publication of Grotius' book in 1609 and Hakluyt's death in 1616: see David Armitage, "Introduction", in. Of chief concern would be for ''the enlargement of the gospel of Christ,'' in converting the natives to the Anglican religion. He died on November 23, 1616. They'd also need to provide for the numerous unemployed who filled the streets of cities such as London. [17] This work contains an exceedingly-rare copperplate map dedicated to Hakluyt and signed F.G. (supposed to be Francis Gualle); it is the first on which the name "Virginia" appears.[14]. An answer to the Bull of the Donation of all the west Indies granted to the kings of Spain by Pope Alexander the VI who was himself a Spaniard borne. The database is updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example. When Richard Hakluyt was forty years old, he sat one day in his study in London with a walrus tusk in his hands. Richard Hakluyt was one of the first to write about the exploration of the Americas in English. Because of these connections, and his own expertise in overseas trade and economics, the man was well placed to assist young Richard in his life work. Unfortunately, his wealth was squandered by his only son. English Deutsch Franais Espaol Portugus Italiano Romn Nederlands Latina Dansk Svenska Norsk Magyar Bahasa Indonesia Trke Suomi Latvian Lithuanian esk . Like so many young people, Richard had his own interests. [10] In 1599, he became an adviser to the newly-founded East India Company, and in 1601 he edited a translation from the Portuguese of Antonio Galvo's The Discoveries of the World. professional specifically for you? In spirit, it was a continuation of Hakluyts own work, and the two editors probably became acquainted. Richard Hakluyt's Reasons for Colonization. The increase of the force of the Christians. While at one point he petitioned for and received a grant to travel to America he did not, in the . Richard Hakluyt was born in 1552 and died in 1616. must. In this document, Hakluyt outlined particular points highlighting the benefits of colonization for the English people. IV of, It has been claimed that the Hakluyts were given "Eaton Hall" (Yatton?) Means to keep this enterprise from overthrow and the enterprisers from shame and dishonor. [28] Others, consisting chiefly of notes gathered from contemporary authors, are preserved at the University of Oxford. Hakluyt is a firm believer of colonization owing to the nationalistic, social, and economic benefits it might bring to England. The possibility of the enlarging of the dominions of the Queens Most Excellent Majesty, and consequently of her honour, revenues, and of her power by this enterprise. That the limits of the king of Spains dominions in the West Indies be nothing so large as is generally imagined and surmised, neither those parts which he holdeth be of any such forces as is falsely given out by the popish Clergy and others his suitors, to terrify the Princes of the Religion and to abuse and blind them. for only $11.00 $9.35/page. Firstly, his geographical studies were useful to merchants and explorers as guides to America. Discourse Concerning Western Planting - Wikipedia In 1584 he wrote the promotional piece known as Discourse of Western Planting to urge a reluctant Queen Elizabeth I to support English colonies and to convince rich businessmen to invest in them. Richard Hakluyt of Oxford . . Discourse of Western Planting | Encyclopedia.com Motivation for European conquest of the New World Criminals will be effectively used in farms and industries to offer free labor. The glory of God by planting of religion among those infidels. Besides, he believes that colonization should entail friendship or familiarity. For the full article, see Richard Hakluyt . Frobisher's First Voyage - CBC In the licence of Hakluyt's second marriage dated 30 March 1604, he is described as one of the chaplains of the Savoy Hospital; this position was also conferred on him by Cecil. c. 1552-1616. Exploration and trade in Elizabethan England | The British Library Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. Have you ever read travel books that made you want to explore a brand new place or even go to another planet? All rights reserved. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Hakluyt gave public lectureshe is regarded as the first professor of modern geography at Oxfordand was the first to display. Slavery and Freedom: The American Paradox, Europeans and Natives in British and Spanish America, The Hemispheres Adaptability to Function Independently, Solar System Colonization in Science Fiction vs. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." Richard Hakluyt | Biography, Significance, & Facts | Britannica degree in 1577. That all other English trades are grown beggerly or dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain his Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their Bibles and prayer Books into the sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion and conscience and consequently their obedience to her Majestie. Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. One of the issues discussed is the expansion desire for English citizens. Hakluyt dedicated to Cecil the second (1599) and third volumes (1600) of the expanded edition of Principal Navigations and also his edition of Galvo's Discoveries (1601). These latter writings, together with a few letters, are the only extant material out of which a biography of him can be framed. George Bruner Parks has theorized that publication at that time would have been inconvenient to England because after England had successfully helped Holland and Spain to negotiate the Twelve Years' Truce during the Eighty Years' War, the work would have supported English claims for free seas against Spain, but not its claims for closed seas against Holland. 2. Colliding Cultures | THE AMERICAN YAWP Primary Source: Richard Hakluyt Makes the Case for English Colonization His father died when Richard was five years old, leaving his family to the care of a cousin, another Richard Hakluyt, a lawyer who had many friends among prominent city merchants, geographers, and explorers of the day. Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London, Eng. Stafford at that time was the ambassador to Paris for Queen Elizabeth I of England. natural reason.15 The elder Richard Hakluyt was the first of a long series 15 Sir George Peckham, A true reporte, of . While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In 1588 Hakluyt finally returned to England with Douglas Sheffield, Baroness Sheffield, after a residence in France of nearly five years. with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. But the queen's advisors pointed out . That the limits of the king of Spains dominions in the West Indies be nothing so large as is generally imagined and surmised, neither those parts which he holdeth be of any such forces as is falsely given out by the popish Clergy and others his suitors, to terrify the Princes of the Religion and to abuse and blind them. They saw colonization primarily as an economic venture that would open up hugely profitable new opportunities for English merchants. [33], A 14-volume critical edition of Hakluyt's Principal Navigations is being prepared by the Hakluyt Edition Project for Oxford University Press under the general editorship of Daniel Carey, National University of Ireland, Galway, and Claire Jowitt, University of East Anglia.[34]. With the help of various scholarships, Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, entering in 1570 and taking his M.A. [29], Hakluyt is principally remembered for his efforts in promoting and supporting the settlement of North America by the English through his writings. Kathleen Halecki possesses a B.A. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. English Geographer. [32], The Hakluyt Society was founded in 1846 for printing rare and unpublished accounts of voyages and travels, and continues to publish volumes each year. Author of. [23][26] Hakluyt's handwritten manuscript, MS Petyt 529, in Inner Temple Library in London was eventually published as The Free Sea for the first time in 2004. That this western discoverie will be greatly for the enlargement of the gospel of Christ whereunto the Princes of the reformed religion are chiefly bound amongst whom her Majestie is principally. This will ensure the distribution of people, thereby reducing overpopulation and its subsequent effects. Primary Source: Richard Hakluyt Makes the Case for English Colonization 1. Under the reference "Bib. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Richard Hakluyt, A Discourse Concerning Western Planting, Written in the Year 1584, Charles Deane, ed. An answer to the Bull of the Donation of all the west Indies granted to the kings of Spain by Pope Alexander the VI who was himself a Spaniard borne. His will refers to chambers occupied by him there up to the time of his death, and in another official document he is styled Doctor of Divinity (D.D.). He was fascinated by voyages being made to far-off lands. The year was 1591 or 1592. The most comprehensive portrait yet of Richard Hakluyt, indefatigable promoter of English colonization in America Richard Hakluyt the younger, a contemporary of William Shakespeare, advocated the creation of English colonies in the New World at a time when the advantages of this idea were far from self-evident. That this western voyage will yield unto us all the commodities of Europe, Africa, and Asia, as far as we were wont to travel, and supply the wants of all our decayed trades.

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