1 gram of antimatter explosion radius

Sorry, but I don't know where you can get the text of this book online. This law states that two identical explosives produce similar blast waves but have different sizes, given the conditions, geometry, and scaled distances are identical. Big Bang scientists have been hoping to find some physics loopholesome tiny difference between matter and antimatterthat would allow more matter than antimatter to be produced shortly after the Big Bang, but so far they have been unsuccessful. [2] Annihilation requires and converts exactly equal masses of antimatter and matter by the collision which releases the entire mass-energy of both, which for 1 gram is ~91013 joules. Would it level the building? $\begingroup$ For shooting it through the air: you need to have some kind of containment anyway and a single gram of antimatter-matter annihilation is like an atombomb going off so you dont need much. TNT equivalent - Wikipedia Photons are bundles of electromagnetic energy. Electron + positron = 2 * gamma going opposite directions and having nearly the same energy of electron + positron mass-energies. The blast radius is merely an indicative number, and it is still UNSAFE to be anywhere close to the blast radius in a real-world scenario. The results of this latest experiment show that a property of the antiproton (called its magnetic moment) is identical in magnitude to the magnetic moment of its proton counterpart to within a precision of just a couple of parts per billion. Of course, getting even a milligram of antimatter is going to be tou. [1], The paramount advantage of such a theoretical weapon is that antimatter and matter collisions result in the entire sum of their mass energy equivalent being released as energy, which is at least two orders of magnitude greater than the energy release of the most efficient fusion weapons (100% vs 0.4-1%). The team is called the ALPHA collaboration. "Even in that hypothesis you'd still need a gram of antimatter, which would take 10 billion years to accumulate," Professor Doser says. $10^{32}J$ is simply the gravitational binding energy of the planet. Most of the mass is antiprotons, which can annihilate with protons or neutrons, leading to $e^{\pm}$, $\gamma$, and mesons. Antihydrogen cannot be trapped using magnets as it doesnt have an electric charge. When a collision between a particle and its opposing antiparticle collide, both of them are annihilated which causes a massive release of energy, otherwise known as an explosion. Interaction with the blast wave can cause severe injuries (see injury severity score calculator) depending on the stand-off distance. I have no idea what you're talking about. But because these collisions always produce matter and antimatter in precisely equal amounts, the universe should, if the Big Bang model were correct, have exactly equal amounts of matter and antimatter. All of the other answers here are super overkill for this. Unlike Big Bang speculation, these measurements, which are testable and repeatable, were real science. I mean, in Star Trek, they use Matter/Antimatter reactions to power their starships, it's pretty powerful. A large open explosion of TNT may maintain fireball temperatures high enough so that some of those products do burn up with atmospheric oxygen. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we live, learn, and work. "[When] a proton and antiproton annihilate each other, their mass completely disappears," Professor Dosersays. To create antimatter you just need to create matter. Check out 477 similar physics calculators, Social Media Time Alternatives Calculator. Lowest tech level to blow up the solar system, Counting and finding real solutions of an equation, A boy can regenerate, so demons eat him for years. So in this Big Bang scenario, particles and antiparticles would have been coming into existence and then annihilating one another in equal measure. Such that: You can calculate the blast radius or stand-off distance using the Hopkinson-Cranz scaling law. Squared it is 89,875,517,900,000,000 or about 9.010 16. This international scientific institution in Switzerland is home to the Large Hadron Collider, and it regularly exposes the hidden particles that make up our universe. When the antimatter starts reacting antiprotons and positrons will be kicked away, mixing with the air. Was Aristarchus the first to propose heliocentrism? The team hasn't found any other meaningful differences between matter and antimatter. Using the convention that 1 kiloton TNT equivalent = 4.18410 12 joules (or one trillion calories of energy), one half gram of antimatter reacting with one half gram of ordinary matter (one gram total) results in 21.5 kilotons-equivalent of energy (the same as the atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki in 1945). Use MathJax to format equations. But antimatter is incredibly scarce, and scientists still dont know why. For safety purposes a range as wide as 26736702J has been stated for a gram of TNT upon explosion. In other words, antimatter planets, antimatter stars or antimatter galaxies could be a thing. The problem lies in the efficiency and cost of antimatter production and storage. Extreme caution is advised. It was created by an international team of scientists at CERN. Check what you could have accomplished if you get out of your social media bubble. Scientists estimate creating and storing a gram of antimatter would cost in excess of a million billion dollars and require about 25 million billion kilowatt-hours of energy. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. With careful planning, I expect less well less than 1 gram of antimatter would be needed to make this a bad day for the earth. Use this specific gravity calculator to find the specific gravity of different materials and see whether they will float or sink. Now, if we were sloppy, we would just pepper the land area of $148,300,000 km^2$, so about 1,236 MIEVs (Multiple Independently Targetable Entry Vehicles) with 100 2kg warheads each would do. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003: 88. Q3 is very hard to answer you need to completely overwhelm the gravitational pull of earth so only terraforming don't qualify for millions of pieces. What can I do with 100 grams of antimatter? - Quora Approximately 10 grams of antiprotons would be enough fuel to send a manned spacecraft to Mars in one month. For a spherical blast wave, the change in pressure is: The above equation is known as the modified Friedlander equation, and it is used to calculate the change in pressure over time. For an explosion of TNT equivalent mass, WWW and scaled distance, ZZZ. This worksheet uses the property of energy called the heat of combustion or heat of explosion and is expressed in units of kilocalories per gram. These collisions produce precisely equal amounts of matter and antimatter. The only reason they dont exist yet is because they just so expensive to make. A much smaller amount embedded near the heart could of course kill you but the grenade-sized amount insures fairly well you won't survive--particularly if it is applied all at once directly to the body. Using PETN, engineers would need 1.0/1.66 (or 0.60) kg to obtain the same effects as 1kg of TNT. The TNT equivalent appears in various nuclear weapon control treaties, and has been used to characterize the energy released in asteroid impacts. The bottle is called a trap because thats what it does, it traps antimatter. In all honesty you can probably get away with less because the force of the explosion will likely kill many humans. There is such a thing as an antimatter trap. Supposed you have successfully build a special tomahawk missile entirely composed of antimatter, this method of conversion of mass to energy greatly dwarfs any conventional nuclear reactions. They did it by creating a magnetic bottle called a Minimum Magnetic Field Trap. Also your question only speaks about blowing up a planet completely, whereas my questions number 1 and 2 only speak about killing all humans and all animals respectively which is very different (your question very clearly states near the end "I dont just want to destroy all life on the surface, I want to reduce the entire planet to rubble so that very little remains"). You get high-energy (~100 MeV) gammas, medium-energy (e.g., 511 keV) gammas, pions, muons, and neutrinos. Or would it be more like a conventional ~50kg artillery shell? Calculating a single RE factor for an explosive is, however, impossible. One of the scariest things about the antimatter bomb is that the effects of it arent as long lasting as a nuclear bomb. Some of the radiation will doubtless cause fission or transmutation - a nucleus hit by an anti-proton is likely to at least lose a nucleon, and the mesons also happily react with nuclei. The second is that CERN is interested infundamental research understanding things without knowing how this knowledge could be applied. They dont allow anything to shake their commitment to the Big Bang story, even the conclusion that our universe shouldnt exist if the Big Bang were true! A boy can regenerate, so demons eat him for years. The question you linked is about the different ways to destroy a planet, not about the amount of antimatter needed to perform the 3 tasks in my question. It only takes a minute to sign up. What's happening is that the heat produce by the initial reaction with the surface of the chunk of sodium boils the water around it and drastically slows down the reaction. Therefore, just by doubling the distance, you'll be shielding yourself from significant exposure. Still a single bomb, it destroys the earth and you have plenty of time for popcorn while you wait. Antimatter is one of the costliest materials in the world. The universe began to cool and then expand. 2014 The Institute of Makers of Explosives. The term "TNT equivalence" is a normalization technique for equating properties of an explosive to TNT, the standard. Pro: Clean blasts, little of that nasty radioactive slag. As radioisotopes in bananasdecay, they release pairs of electrons and anti-electrons. The ton of TNT is a unit of energy defined by that convention to be 4.184gigajoules (1gigacalorie),[1] which is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (1,000 kilograms) of TNT. This blast radius calculator helps you determine the distance for detonations, after which there would be no fragments. Which ability is most related to insanity: Wisdom, Charisma, Constitution, or Intelligence? Scientists have trouble finding antimatter however it can be created for a hefty price. You have antimatter containment capsule that only has to hold out for seconds at most when fired. What about antimatter bombs? | New Scientist But other than this probably being impossible, it may just start the race for the antimatter bomb. An antimatter weapon is a weapon which would use antimatter as a power source, a propellant or an explosive. This equivalency is most famously described in Einstein's equation: e (energy) = m (the mass of matter) xc (the speed of light) squared. "It would take us 10 billion years to assemble enough anti-stuff to make the bomb Dan Brown talks . An explosive, upon detonation, releases a large amount of energy. This makes it incredibly hard to store antimatter. While I can't provide any numbers to back this up, I have a feeling the answers to Part 2 and Part 3 are going to be the same. A merger of two black holes, resulting in the. StreamZones.com FineTunedUniverse.com GooToYou.com ICR.org (Article Credit), Big Bang Scientists: Universe Shouldn't Exist. And yes, bizarrely, energy can become the mass of matter and vice versa. Number 3 just a really big bang deep down. These complications have been sidestepped by convention. The positron has the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge, rather than negative. It uses a magnet to keep antimatter on the inside from interacting with the walls of the trap and exploding. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. The energy contained in one megaton of TNT (4.2PJ) is enough to power the average American household for 103,000 years. Shock waves You can also convert entire earth into energy but you have to look for antimatter earth to do it. For Starship, using B9 and later, how will separation work if the Hydrualic Power Units are no longer needed for the TVC System? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. In fact you would need 2.5 trillion tons of antimatter. But this result isnt bizarre at allits simply a confirmation of earlier, but less precise, measurements of the antiprotons magnetic moment. [5][6][7][8], Where for example the comparison is by energy yield, an explosive's energy is normally expressed for chemical purposes as the thermodynamic work produced by its detonation. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Michael Doser who works in the only factory making it describes thisreaction as "probably the most violent process you can think of because the full mass of the object disappears and transforms into energy". Supposing we had one antimatter bomb, how much antimatter would we need in order to completely blow up the Earth into millions of pieces. This calculation helps us in finding the pressure loads on objects. This stops it from making contact with matter. Quora - A place to share knowledge and better understand the world ", "Beirut Blast: How does yield of 2,750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate compare against Halifax explosion, Hiroshima bombing? $<< 10^{32}J$ (gravitational binding energy of Earth), We must use an even bigger bomb. The approximate total yield of the super-eruption of the. This one bullet would be equivalent to 378 grams of TNT, which is more powerful than a modern grenade. What if I had 1 anti-hydrogen atom or enough antimatter that's equal in "weight" to a hydrogen atom? MathJax reference. Also, once in atmosphere, any attempt to shoot down will only damage the containment system and detonate the antimatter. The problem you'll quickly run into is that the Earth is big. "Perhaps, just under four billion years ago, the Earth could have been hit by asteroids up to 400 kilometers across, forty times bigger than the one that is supposed to have been responsible for the K/T extinctions. Answer (1 of 3): What would happen if we detonated an antimatter bomb on Earth? Con: You need a lotta bombs. What if I had a gram? The ablative engine, which slowly vaporizes itself to produce thrust, could go as high as 5,000 seconds. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Antimatter would do the same. Just one 10 thousandths of a gram of antimatter could send a spaceship to Mars in only 45 days. Gas-expansion and pressure-change effects tend to "freeze" the burn rapidly. Now you can destroy all life on earth using only about 6E4 kg of antimatter, only 60 metric tons of the good stuff. The NIAC is currently researching antimatter powered spaceships, and according to NASA it looks promising. Would it just be a stupidly bright flash? How much antimatter would we need in order to wipe out all humans Note It is convention to use ton compared to short ton, net ton American or tonne (1000 kilogrammes.) And that means no particles would remain to eventually become people, stars, and galaxies. Those made at CERN amount to about 1 nanogram. Did you get it? Lesser known is its role in studying the anti-particles of the Universe. For a fragmenting munition where public access is possible, the TNT explosion radius, DDD, is: This distance is different for the bare explosives. [2], The "megaton (of TNT equivalent)" is a unit of energy equal to 4.184 petajoules (4.1841015J). Ah yes, the multi-million dollar question. What are the arguments for/against anonymous authorship of the Gospels, Weighted sum of two random variables ranked by first order stochastic dominance. Given a pair of explosives, one can produce 2 the shockwave output (this depends on the distance of measuring instruments) but the difference in direct metal cutting ability may be 4 higher for one type of metal and 7 higher for another type of metal. Indeed this is a polar-explosion (1 gamma to one side and the other to opposite side). The asteroid belt just happens to contain a 400 km asteroid built to order, 10 Hygiea Plugging in the numbers (assuming a 17 km/sec impact) you get somewhat more than 1E28 joules, a rather significant savings compared the the gravitational potential of the earth, but still a lot of antimatter just to destroy it with a single bomb, roughly 6E10 kg of antimatter.

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